Baldo P, Doree C, Molin P et al. Antidepressants for patients with tinnitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; (9): CD003853.
Bennett MH, Kertesz T, Perleth M et al. Hyperbaric oxygen for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; (10): CD004739.
Curtis F, Laparidou D, Bridle C et al. Effects of cognitive behavioural therapy on insomnia in adults with tinnitus: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Sleep Med Rev 2021; 56: 101405.
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie (DGHNO-KHC). Chronischer Tinnitus (S3-Leitlinie). AWMF-Registernr.: 017-064. 2021.
Dong C, Chen C, Wang T et al. Low-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for the Treatment of Chronic Tinnitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Biomed Res Int 2020; 2020: 3141278.
Fuller T, Cima R, Langguth B et al. Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020; (1): CD012614.
Hilton MP, Zimmermann EF, Hunt WT. Ginkgo biloba for tinnitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013; (3): CD003852.
Hoare DJ, Edmondson-Jones M, Sereda M et al. Amplification with hearing aids for patients with tinnitus and co-existing hearing loss. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; (1): CD010151.
Hobson J, Chisholm E, El Refaie A. Sound therapy (masking) in the management of tinnitus in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; (11): CD006371.
Hoekstra CE, Rynja SP, van Zanten GA et al. Anticonvulsants for tinnitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011; (7): CD007960.
Kreuzer PM, Vielsmeier V, Langguth B. Chronic tinnitus: an interdisciplinary challenge. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2013; 110(16): 278-284.
Martinez-Devesa P, Perera R, Theodoulou M et al. Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010; (9): CD005233.
Mehta S, Peynenburg VA, Hadjistavropoulos HD. Internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for chronic health conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Behav Med 2019; 42(2): 169-187.
Person OC, Puga ME, da Silva EM et al. Zinc supplementation for tinnitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016; (11): CD009832.
Phillips JS, McFerran DJ, Hall DA et al. The natural history of subjective tinnitus in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of no-intervention periods in controlled trials. Laryngoscope 2018; 128(1): 217-227.
Pichora-Fuller MK, Santaguida P, Hammill A et al. Evaluation and Treatment of Tinnitus: Comparative Effectiveness. (AHRQ Comparative Effectiveness Reviews; No. 122). 2013.
Savage J, Waddell A. Tinnitus. BMJ Clin Evid 2014: pii: 0506.
Sereda M, Xia J, El Refaie A et al. Sound therapy (using amplification devices and/or sound generators) for tinnitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; (12): CD013094.
Tavares MP, Bahmad F. Analysis of Gabapentin's Efficacy in Tinnitus Treatment: A Systematic Review. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2022; 131(3): 303-311.
Wegner I, Hall DA, Smit AL et al. Betahistine for tinnitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; (12): CD013093.
Zenner HP, Delb W, Kröner-Herwig B et al. Zur interdisziplinären S3-Leitlinie für die Therapie des chronischen-idiopathischen Tinnitus [On the interdisciplinary S3 guidelines for the treatment of chronic idiopathic tinnitus]. HNO 2015; 63(6): 419-427.
IQWiG health information is written with the aim of helping people understand the advantages and disadvantages of the main treatment options and health care services.
Because IQWiG is a German institute, some of the information provided here is specific to the German health care system. The suitability of any of the described options in an individual case can be determined by talking to a doctor. informedhealth.org can provide support for talks with doctors and other medical professionals, but cannot replace them. We do not offer individual consultations.
Our information is based on the results of good-quality studies. It is written by a team of health care professionals, scientists and editors, and reviewed by external experts. You can find a detailed description of how our health information is produced and updated in our methods.